If you have an older deck that has started to sag, you may be wondering if it is still possible to fix it. The good news is that it is possible to level an older deck, but it will require some work. In this article, we will provide you with some tips on how to level an older deck. First, you will need to assess the damage to the deck. If the deck is only slightly sagging, you may be able to level it by simply adjusting the joists. However, if the deck is sagging significantly, you will need to replace the joists. Once you have assessed the damage, you can begin to level the deck.
There are a few different ways to level a deck. One way is to use shims. Shims are small, wedge-shaped pieces of wood that can be placed under the joists to level them. To use shims, first, place a shim under the joist at one end of the deck. Then, use a level to check if the joist is level. If it is not level, add another shim until the joist is level. Repeat this process for all of the joists on the deck. Another way to level a deck is to use a leveling compound. Leveling compound is a self-leveling material that can be poured over the deck surface. The leveling compound will flow into all of the low spots and level the deck. However, leveling compound can be expensive, and it is not as easy to use as shims. Finally, you can use a deck leveling system to level your deck. These systems consist of adjustable jacks that can be placed under the deck joists. To use a deck leveling system, first, place a jack under each joist at one end of the deck. Then, use a level to check if the joist is level. If it is not level, turn the jack until the joist is level. Repeat this process for all of the joists on the deck.
Identifying Loose or Damaged Boards
Inspecting your deck for loose or damaged boards is crucial to ensure its safety and stability. Here’s a detailed guide to help you identify such issues:
Visual Inspection
Thoroughly examine the deck’s surface for any visible signs of damage, such as:
- Warped or bowed boards: Boards that have lost their straightness or have become curved may need to be replaced.
- Cracks or splits: Cracks along the grain or across the surface of the boards can compromise their structural integrity.
- Discoloration or rot: Darkening or staining of the wood may indicate rot or water damage, which requires immediate attention.
Physical Inspection
In addition to visual inspection, perform the following physical checks:
- Step on each board: Apply firm pressure to individual boards to check for any movement or squeaking. Loose boards need to be secured or replaced.
- Hammer Test: Use a hammer to gently tap on each board. If you hear a hollow or rattling sound, this may indicate a loose or damaged board.
- Lever Test: Insert a pry bar or crowbar under the edge of a suspected loose board and lift it slightly. If the board moves easily, it is likely loose and needs repair.
Using a Level
For a more precise assessment of loose boards, use a spirit level or a 4-foot level. Place the level along the suspected board and check for any unevenness. A deviation of more than 1/4 inch over the length of the board indicates a loose board that needs to be addressed.
Removing Splinters and Debris
Before you begin leveling your deck, it is important to remove any splinters or debris that could get in your way. This will help to make the process safer and easier.
Tools and Materials
To remove splinters and debris, you will need the following tools and materials:
- A broom or brush
- A dustpan
- A pair of gloves
- A hammer
- A chisel
Instructions
- Start by sweeping or brushing away any loose debris from the deck.
- Use a dustpan to collect the debris and dispose of it properly.
- Put on a pair of gloves to protect your hands.
- If you find any splinters, use a hammer and chisel to carefully remove them.
- Once you have removed all of the splinters and debris, you can begin leveling the deck.
Safety Tips
- Wear gloves when removing splinters or debris to avoid getting injured.
- Be careful when using a hammer and chisel to avoid damaging the deck.
- Dispose of debris properly to avoid creating a fire hazard.
Sanding and Cleaning the Surface
Once you’ve identified the uneven areas, it’s time to start sanding and cleaning the surface. This step is crucial because it creates a smooth and even base for the leveling compound.
Start by using a belt sander to remove any splinters or rough edges. Be careful not to over-sand, as this can damage the wood. For tight spots or areas around railings, switch to a hand sander.
Power Washing and Chemical Cleaning
After sanding, it’s time to give the deck a thorough cleaning to remove dirt, grime, and mildew. Begin by using a commercial power washer to spray down the surface. Be sure to use a low-pressure setting to avoid damaging the wood. Once the deck is wet, apply a chemical cleaner specifically designed for decks, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Allow the cleaner to sit for the recommended time, then rinse it off with the power washer.
If your deck has stubborn stains or discoloration, you may need to use a stronger chemical cleaner. Be careful when using these products, as they can be harmful if not handled properly. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and wear protective gloves and clothing.
Here’s a table summarizing the steps for power washing and chemical cleaning:
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Wet the deck with a power washer (low-pressure setting). |
| 2 | Apply chemical cleaner and allow it to sit. |
| 3 | Rinse off the cleaner with the power washer. |
| 4 | (Optional) Use a stronger chemical cleaner for stubborn stains. |
Installing New Joists or Supports
Determining the Extent of Support Needed
Inspect the existing structure thoroughly to assess the extent of the required support. Identify any damaged or decayed joists, areas with excessive sagging, or loose fasteners.
Choosing the Right Joists or Supports
Select joists or supports that are appropriate for the span and load requirements of the deck. Consider using pressure-treated lumber for outdoor durability. The size and spacing of the joists will depend on the size of the deck, the expected load, and the local building codes.
| Joist Size | Span | Load (psf) |
|—|—|—|
| 2×6 | 8 feet | 40 |
| 2×8 | 10 feet | 60 |
| 2×10 | 12 feet | 80 |
Installing the New Joists or Supports
1. Remove any existing damaged or decayed joists.
2. Dig holes along the desired locations for the new joists or supports. Ensure they are deep enough to provide adequate support and prevent frost heave.
3. Place gravel or crushed stone in the holes for drainage.
4. Set the new joists or supports in the holes and backfill with concrete. Level the joists using a string line and shims as needed.
5. Allow the concrete to cure according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
6. Attach the new joists to the existing framing using joist hangers or other appropriate hardware.
Replacing Worn-Out Screws or Nails
Deck screws and nails tend to loosen over time due to weather conditions, foot traffic, and wear and tear. Loose screws and nails can cause the deck boards to separate and create uneven surfaces. To ensure a level and stable deck, it is essential to replace any worn-out or loose screws or nails promptly.
Follow these steps to replace worn-out screws or nails:
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Identify the Worn-Out Screws or Nails: Inspect your deck carefully for loose or missing screws or nails. Check the perimeter of the deck, around stairs, and in areas of heavy foot traffic.
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Remove the Old Screws or Nails: Using a screwdriver or nail puller, carefully remove the old screws or nails. Avoid twisting or prying the deck boards as this can damage them.
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Replace with New Screws or Nails: Select new screws or nails that are the same length and diameter as the ones you removed. Drive the screws or nails into the deck boards at a slight angle to ensure a firm hold.
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Counter-Sink the Screws or Nails: Use a nail set or screwdriver to countersink the screws or nails slightly below the surface of the deck boards. This will prevent them from tripping or snagging on your feet.
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Galvanized or Stainless Steel Screws: Opt for galvanized or stainless steel screws for improved durability and resistance to rust and corrosion. These screws are particularly suitable for decks exposed to moisture or harsh weather conditions.
| Screw Material | Durability | Rust Resistance |
|---|---|---|
| Galvanized | Moderate | Excellent |
| Stainless Steel | Excellent | Excellent |
Tightening Loose Railings or Spindles
If your railings or spindles are loose, it’s important to tighten them as soon as possible. Loose railings can be a safety hazard, especially if you have small children or pets. Fortunately, tightening loose railings is a relatively easy task that can be completed in a few minutes.
Tools You’ll Need:
- Screwdriver
- Drill
- Countersink bit
- Wood screws
Steps:
- Inspect the loose railing or spindle. Determine if the problem is caused by a loose screw or a damaged spindle.
- If the problem is caused by a loose screw, simply tighten the screw using a screwdriver.
- If the problem is caused by a damaged spindle, you will need to replace it.
- Use a drill to remove the damaged spindle.
- Insert a new spindle into the hole.
- Secure the new spindle in place using wood screws.
- Countersink the screws below the surface of the wood.
- Fill the countersunk holes with wood filler.
- Sand the wood filler smooth.
- Paint or stain the repaired area to match the rest of the deck.
Tips:
- If you are not comfortable tightening loose railings or spindles yourself, you can hire a professional to do it for you.
- Be sure to inspect your railings and spindles regularly for signs of damage. This will help you catch problems early and prevent them from becoming more serious.
Inspecting and Repairing Flashing
Flashing is a crucial component of your deck that prevents water from seeping into the structure and causing damage. Inspect the flashing regularly for signs of damage, such as tears, cracks, or rust. If any damage is found, it’s essential to repair it promptly to maintain the integrity of your deck.
Step 1: Remove Damaged Flashing
Carefully remove the damaged flashing with a pry bar or utility knife. Be cautious not to damage the underlying deck surface.
Step 2: Clean Surface
Thoroughly clean the area where the new flashing will be installed to remove any dirt, debris, or old sealant.
Step 3: Apply Sealant
Apply a bead of silicone or polyurethane sealant along the edge of the decking where the flashing will be attached.
Step 4: Install New Flashing
Position the new flashing over the sealant and secure it with galvanized nails or screws. Countersink the fasteners slightly below the surface.
Step 5: Seal Flashing
Apply a generous bead of sealant over the newly installed flashing to ensure a waterproof seal.
Step 6: Check for Watertightness
Use a garden hose to spray water on the area where the new flashing was installed. Check for any leaks or seepage.
Step 7: Troubleshooting Flashing Issues
If you encounter any issues with flashing, refer to the table below for potential causes and solutions:
| Problem | Solution |
|---|---|
| Flashing is loose or detached | Reattach with nails or screws and seal with sealant |
| Water is leaking through flashing | Inspect for cracks or tears and replace the damaged section. Apply additional sealant |
| Flashing is rusted or corroded | Replace rusted flashing with a new galvanized or aluminum flashing |
Staining or Painting for Protection
Once your deck is leveled, it’s important to protect it from the elements. Staining or painting the deck will help to seal the wood and prevent it from rotting or warping. Here’s a few things to consider when choosing a stain or paint for your deck:
1. Type of Wood
The type of wood your deck is made of will affect the type of stain or paint you need to use. Some woods, such as cedar, are naturally resistant to rot and decay, so they can be stained with a clear finish. Other woods, such as pine, are more susceptible to damage, so they should be painted with a solid color finish.
2. Climate
The climate in which you live will also affect the type of stain or paint you need to use. If you live in a humid climate, you’ll need to use a stain or paint that is resistant to mildew and mold. If you live in a cold climate, you’ll need to use a stain or paint that is resistant to freezing and thawing.
3. Color
The color of the stain or paint you choose will affect the overall look of your deck. You can choose a stain or paint that matches the color of your house or you can choose a color that contrasts with your house. If you’re not sure what color to choose, you can ask for a sample from your local hardware store.
4. Application
The method of application will vary depending on the type of stain or paint you choose. Some stains can be applied with a brush, while others require a sprayer. Some paints can be applied with a brush or roller, while others require a sprayer. Be sure to read the manufacturer’s instructions carefully before applying the stain or paint.
5. Maintenance
Staining or painting your deck will require some maintenance over time. You’ll need to reapply the stain or paint every few years to keep it looking its best. The frequency of reapplication will depend on the type of stain or paint you use, as well as the climate in which you live.
6. Cost
The cost of staining or painting your deck will vary depending on the size of your deck, the type of stain or paint you choose, and the method of application. You can expect to pay between $1 and $5 per square foot for staining or painting your deck.
7. DIY or Hire a Professional
You can stain or paint your deck yourself, or you can hire a professional to do it for you. If you’re not comfortable working with stains or paints, it’s best to hire a professional. However, if you’re handy and have some experience with home improvement projects, you can save money by staining or painting your deck yourself.
8. Tips for Staining or Painting Your Deck
Here are a few tips for staining or painting your deck:
| Tip | Description |
|---|---|
| Clean the deck | Before you start staining or painting, be sure to clean the deck thoroughly. This will remove any dirt, debris, or mildew that could prevent the stain or paint from adhering properly. |
| Sand the deck | If the deck is old or has been damaged, you may need to sand it before staining or painting. Sanding will smooth out the surface of the deck and make it more receptive to the stain or paint. |
| Apply a primer | Before you apply the stain or paint, be sure to apply a primer. This will help to seal the wood and prevent the stain or paint from absorbing too much into the wood. |
| Apply the stain or paint | Once the primer has dried, you can apply the stain or paint. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully. |
| Allow the stain or paint to dry | Once you have applied the stain or paint, allow it to dry completely before using the deck. This will help to ensure that the stain or paint has cured properly. |
Sealing to Prevent Water Damage
Importance of Sealing
Sealing a deck is crucial for preventing water damage, a leading cause of decking deterioration. It creates a protective barrier against moisture, preventing it from penetrating the wood and causing rot, warping, and other issues.
Types of Sealants
There are various types of sealants available for decks, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Oil-based sealants penetrate deeply into the wood, providing excellent protection and a natural finish. Water-based sealants are easier to apply and offer UV protection, but they may require more frequent reapplication. Acrylic sealants are durable, low-maintenance, and can be applied to both new and old decks.
Preparing the Deck
Before sealing, it’s essential to prepare the deck by cleaning it thoroughly and removing any dirt, debris, or old sealant. Use a power washer or a deck cleaner to achieve the best results.
Applying the Sealant
Apply the sealant evenly using a brush, roller, or sprayer. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the number of coats required. Allow ample time between coats for proper drying.
Maintenance
To maintain the deck’s protection, inspect it regularly for any signs of damage. Reapply sealant as needed, especially after exposure to harsh weather conditions.
Frequency of Resealing
| Type of Sealant | Frequency of Resealing |
|---|---|
| Oil-Based | Every 2-3 years |
| Water-Based | Every 1-2 years |
| Acrylic | Every 3-5 years |
Annual Maintenance Tips
Regular maintenance is crucial for preserving the integrity and longevity of your older deck. Here are some key tasks to undertake annually:
1. Thorough Cleaning
Remove dirt, debris, and mold buildup from the deck’s surface using a pressure washer or cleaning solution. Pay special attention to areas with heavy foot traffic and shaded spots.
2. Inspection for Damage
Thoroughly inspect the deck for any signs of damage, such as loose or rotten boards, cracked railings, or loose nails. Promptly address any issues to prevent further deterioration.
3. Tightening Loose Fasteners
With time, fasteners can become loose. Regularly tighten all screws, bolts, and nails to ensure the deck’s structural integrity.
4. Re-Caulking Joints
Over time, caulk can deteriorate and allow moisture penetration. Re-caulk the joints between decking boards, around stairs, and where the deck meets the house to prevent water damage.
5. Sealing or Staining
Every few years, apply a sealant or stain to protect the deck from moisture, UV damage, and wear. Choose a high-quality product and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
6. Power Washing
Avoid using harsh cleaners that can damage the deck. Instead, opt for a gentle power wash to remove dirt and debris without compromising the wood.
7. Removing Splinters
Sand down any raised splinters or rough edges to prevent injuries and improve the aesthetics of the deck.
8. Checking Flashing
Inspect the flashing around the perimeter of the deck for any tears, gaps, or damage. Replace or repair flashing as needed to prevent water from penetrating beneath the deck.
9. Removing Vegetation
Keep vegetation away from the deck to minimize moisture retention and prevent rot. Trim plants and remove weeds regularly.
10. Comprehensive Inspection
At least once a year, engage a qualified contractor or home inspector to perform a comprehensive inspection of the deck. They can identify potential issues, recommend repairs, and ensure the continued safety and integrity of your outdoor haven.
How to Level an Older Deck
As decks age, they can become uneven or slanted due to settling, rot, or other factors. This can create a tripping hazard and make the deck uncomfortable to use. If your deck is starting to sag, you can level it yourself with a few simple tools and materials.
Materials:
- 4×4 posts
- Deck screws
- Level
- Tape measure
- Circular saw
- Drill
Instructions:
- Measure and cut the posts. Measure the height of the lowest corner of the deck. Cut four 4×4 posts to this height.
- Place the posts under the deck. Position the posts under the corners of the deck, making sure that they are evenly spaced. Use a level to make sure that the posts are plumb.
- Secure the posts. Drill pilot holes through the posts and into the deck framing. Secure the posts with deck screws.
- Level the deck. Use a level to check the deck surface. If the deck is still uneven, adjust the posts as needed until the deck is level.
